Thallium accumulation and distribution in Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) grown in hydroponics

Abstract Purpose Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic elements known and its contamination an emerging environmental issue associated with base metal (zinc-lead) mining wastes. This study investigated nature Tl tolerance accumulation in Silene latifolia , which has so far only been reported from field-collected samples. Methods was grown hydroponics at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 30 60 ?M Tl). Elemental analysis Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (?-XRF) were used to determine distribution hydrated organs tissues. Results revealed unusually high shoots S. reaching up 35,700 ?g g ?1 young leaves. The species proved have exceptionally levels had a positive growth response when exposed dose rates 5 ?M. Laboratory-based ?XRF that localized mainly midrib veins differs greatly other hyperaccumulators. Conclusions Our findings show among strongest hyperaccumulators world. ostensibly evolved mechanisms survive excessive accumulated leaves, whilst maintaining lower roots. trait fundamental importance for developing future phytoextraction technologies using this remediate Tl-contaminated mine